[47], Chinese and Russian documents from that time reveal that Kim became increasingly desperate to establish a truce, since the likelihood that further fighting would successfully unify Korea under his rule became more remote with the UN and US presence. The early part of Wednesday's funeral ceremony was shrouded in secrecy, as in 1994, when Kim Il-sung died. [99] One of these, The Flower Girl, a revolutionary theatrical opera, was adapted into a locally produced feature film in 1972. "North Korean museum shows off leaders' gifts", "Immortal classical works written by President Kim Il Sung", "Dead Father's Living Body: Kim Il-sung's Seed Theory and North Korean Arts", The Ministry Of Truth: Kim Jong Il's North Korea, NKIDP: Crisis and Confrontation on the Korean Peninsula: 1968–1969, A Critical Oral History, Nicolae Ceausescu's visit to Pyongyang, North Korea, in 1971, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly, Chairman of the National Defence Commission, Chairman of the WPK Central Military Commission, Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, President of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 10 Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System, Theses on the Socialist Rural Question in Our Country, On the Five-point Policy for National Reunification, 10-Point Programme for the Great Unity of the Whole Nation for the Reunification of the Country, 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972, Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War, Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States, American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation, Vice-Marshals of the Korean People's Army, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Il-sung&oldid=983133410, International opponents of apartheid in South Africa, Leaders of political parties in North Korea, Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner, Recipients of the Order of the Star of the Romanian Socialist Republic, Recipients of the Royal Order of Cambodia, Soviet military personnel of World War II, Chairmen and General Secretaries of the Workers' Party of Korea, Recipients of the Order of Klement Gottwald, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Use of the tablewidth parameter in Infobox Korean name, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles lacking reliable references from November 2017, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from July 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 1980–1994: Member, Presidium of the Political Bureau of the 6th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, 1970-1980: Member, Political Committee of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, 1966–1994: Secretariat of the Workers' Party of Korea, 1966-1970: Member, Standing Committee of the Political Committee of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, 1961-1970: Chairman, Political Committee of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, 1956-1961: Member, Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, 1948–1994: Deputy, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th Supreme People's Assembly, 1946-1956: Member, Political Committee of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, 1946–1994: Member, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, 1982-1994: Chairman, Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea, 1972–1992: Chairman, National Defense Commission of the Central People's Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 1970-1982: Chairman, Military Commission of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, 1992-1993: Chairman, National Defense Commission of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 1947-1948: Chairman, People's Committee of North Korea, 1946–1949: Vice Chairman, Central Committee of the Workers' Party of North Korea, 1946-1947: Chairman, Provisional People's Committee of North Korea, 1945–1946: Chairman, North Korea Bureau of the, Lee Chong-sik.

When Kim Jong Il died in December 2011, for instance, few outsiders knew it until it was reported by North Korea’s state media two days later. [37] Over 50% of the arable land was redistributed, an 8-hour work day was proclaimed and all heavy industry was to be nationalized. [49][50][51] Both South and North Korea retained huge armed forces to defend the 1953 Demilitarized Zone, and US forces remained in the South. [57][58] The last Chinese troops withdrew from the country in October 1958, which is the consensus as the latest date when North Korea became effectively independent, though some scholars believe that the 1956 August incident demonstrated North Korea's independence. With the end of the Korean War, despite the failure to unify Korea under his rule, Kim il-sung proclaimed the war a victory in the sense that he had remained in power in the north. [21] In a speech before a meeting of Young Communist League delegates on 20 May 1931 in Yenchi County in Manchuria, Kim warned the delegates against such unplanned uprisings as the 30 May 1930 uprising in eastern Manchuria. Kim was reported to have had other children with women who he was not married to.

According to the Korean War Abductees Family Union (KWAFU), those abducted by North Korea after the war included 2,919 civil servants, 1,613 police, 190 judicial officers and lawyers, and 424 medical practitioners. Large numbers of people from the so-called hostile class, which included intellectuals, land owners, and former supporters of Japan's occupying government during World War II, were forcibly relocated to the country's isolated and impoverished northern provinces. The total number of foreign abductees and disappeared is still unknown, but is estimated to include more than 200,000 people. It had close political and economic relations with the Soviet Union. North Koreans lined the streets and filled the air with theatrical wails, many of the women in traditional black dresses and with white mourning ribbons affixed to their hair. Top Workers' Party officials Choe Thae Bok and Kim Ki Nam and senior military officer Kim Jong Gak also took prominent positions. Kindle Edition. The Kim family was supported by the army, due to Kim Il-sung's revolutionary record and the support of the veteran defense minister, O Chin-u. Kim Jong-il, who led with absolute rule after his father Kim il-sung's death in 1994, through a famine that killed hundreds of thousands and the pursuit of nuclear and missile programs, died of a heart attack Dec. 17 at age 69. [35], Despite United Nations plans to conduct all-Korean elections, the Soviets held elections of their own in their zone on 25 August 1948 for a Supreme People's Assembly. Following the military stalemate in the Korean War, a ceasefire was signed on 27 July 1953. According to Kim, his family was not very poor, but was always a step away from poverty. [6]:53–54 Kim was sent to a camp at Vyatskoye near Khabarovsk, where the Soviets retrained the Korean communist guerrillas. Kim Il-sung's body was placed in a public mausoleum at the Kumsusan Memorial Palace, where his preserved and embalmed body lies under a glass coffin for viewing purposes. [citation needed], On 12 October, the Soviet Union recognized Kim's government as the sovereign government of the entire peninsula, including the south. a military success at this time, when the guerrilla units had experienced difficulty in capturing any enemy territory. His death was declared thirty hours later, respecting the traditional Confucian mourning period. [74] Because of its unappealing nature, North Korean reporters and photographers were required to photograph Kim while standing slightly to his left in order to hide the growth from official photographs and newsreels. 1978. the same year to serve as political commissar for the 3rd detachment of the second division, consisting of around 160 soldiers. [94], Kim Il-sung's birthday, "Day of the Sun", is celebrated every year as a public holiday in North Korea.

Behr, Edward Kiss the Hand You Cannot Bite, New York: Villard Books, 1991 page 195.

[27] The Japanese "Maeda Unit" was sent to hunt him in February 1940. [95] The associated April Spring Friendship Art Festival gathers hundreds of artists from all over the world. [57][58], During his rise and consolidation of power, Kim created the songbun caste system, which divided the North Korean people into three groups. The other son (Kim Man-il, or Shaura Kim) of this marriage died in 1947 in a swimming accident.

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